With respect to the Republic of Kazakhstan`s claim,20 the United States District Court of the Southern District Court of New York debated whether the meaning of the term “interested person” within the meaning of Article 1782 would include a sovereign State. The Court noted that “the previous laws of Article 1782 expressly permitted foreign States to seek legal assistance, and that the 1964 amendment, which added the `interested person` provision to Article 1782, was intended to “broaden rather than limit the scope of those who could seek legal assistance.” The assistance provided by the Contracting Parties is defined in Article 1 of the Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance and includes: – the testimony of persons, the provision of documents, files, evidence, the search for and identification of persons or objects, the execution of requests and seizures, etc. It should be noted, however, that Article 3 of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty stipulates the limitation of support, i.e. whether the Central Authority may refuse assistance to a foreign government. This is usually required in cases where disclosure of information could violate the national laws of the country from which the information is requested. Article 5 governs the execution of requests and their directives between contracting countries. According to the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, India and the United States “shall afford each other the widest level of mutual assistance in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty relating to the investigation, prosecution, prevention and suppression of crime, and criminal proceedings.” Under Indian law, all civil and commercial cases involving other courts must be handled by the Indian Ministry of Law and Justice and, on the other hand, all criminal cases involving other courts must be handled by the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs7. Ideally, all requests for mutual legal assistance should be dealt with through diplomatic channels between countries. 6. Official website of the U.S.

Embassy and Consulates in India – in.usembassy.gov/u-s-department-justice-provides-mutual-legal-assistance-training-counter-terrorism-investigators-mumbai/ During the talks between the two delegations that led to the conclusion of this treaty, both sides expressed their determination to redouble their efforts to eradicate the scourge of terrorism and to use this treaty as a tool to that end. Both governments are of the view that the mutual legal assistance exemption for “political crimes” should not apply to violent terrorist attacks against non-combat targets. In summary, the legal relationship between India and the United States has only grown stronger over the years. The two men also signed the “Agreement on the Transfer of Persons to International Tribunals” on December 26, 200224 and the “Indo-US Counterterrorism Initiative” on July 23, 201025 other treaties related to legal issues. On the world map, it can be said that India and the United States see each other as close allies and major trading partners. The correct application of the TAIM will ensure that this relationship becomes even stronger. There is no denying the benefits that the Mutual Legal Assistance Service has granted to States parties in the conduct of investigations and trials. For preliminaries: Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLAT), Nodal Agency in India for MLATs and its legal basis, Location of Poland The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in the United States v. Fleet Mgmt.

Ltd.21 briefly discussed the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty between the United States and India. The case involved the illegal discharge of oil from a seagoing vessel and witness orders were issued against sailors who were Indian citizens. The District Court considered using MLAT procedures to obtain Indian witnesses for the trial. 5. Government of India, Legal Affairs Website – legalaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/mlat%20%282%29.PDF It should be noted that countries that have signed the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty are obliged to provide the requested assistance (subject to Article 3 of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty), while countries not members of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty are not obliged to do so. It should also be borne in mind that India and the United States have also signed the Hague Convention22, which provides that a judicial authority of a signatory State may, in civil and commercial matters, request the competent authority of another signatory State to obtain evidence23. The convention is useful for signatories who have not signed mutual legal assistance treaties. If India deals with a country that has not signed an EMCD and is not a signatory to the Hague Convention, the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the CPC of India apply. The situation is similar for the United States, Title 28 of the United States Code, Part V, Chapter 117, §. 1782 apply to these countries.

7. Official website of the Embassy of India in Washington DC – www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/pages?id=12&subid=41 The treaty also represents an important step in the two countries` cooperative efforts in combating other serious crimes. While the two countries have cooperated in the past in the fight against these crimes, this treaty will provide a broader legal basis and improved procedural mechanisms that will allow both countries to provide assistance related to the investigation, prosecution, prevention and fight against these crimes. The benefits of TEMV have become clearer over the years. Until now, if it has been established that a domestic company has acted unlawfully in its branches or offices abroad, it would be difficult for the government to request documents and documents relevant to the case from foreign jurisdictions. Now, with the TEJ, it is easier to obtain this information and even extradite criminals who have fled the country. In recent years, India has used the MLAT investigation into scams involving refugees such as Vijay Mallya and Nirav Modi. In fact, TEDM can play a crucial role in obtaining useful information for one country attacked by terrorists from another.