The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the “individual or group briefing” of a nonprofit budget and credit advisory agency, which individual debtors must participate in before filing under a chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the “Personal Financial Management Course” in Chapters 7 and 13, which an individual debtor must complete before debt relief is registered. There are exceptions to both requirements for certain categories of debtors, urgent circumstances, or if the U.S. trustee or receiver has determined that there are not enough licensed credit counselling agencies available to provide the required advice. Jury selection process to interview potential jurors to determine their qualifications and determine a basis for challenge. Of course, the terms can be used independently while referring to a sequence. Imprisonment for two or more offences to be served simultaneously and not consecutively. Example: Two five-year prison sentences and a three-year term if served at the same time result in a maximum of five years behind bars. A request made as a result of a proceeding by a losing party on one or more issues, for a higher court to review the decision to determine whether it was correct.

To make such a request is to “appeal” or “to appeal”. The one who appeals is called a “complainant”; The other party is the “appellant”. Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence of a convicted accused. The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; Chief Justices are determined by seniority An easy way to remember the difference is to remember that the first and first start with an F, while the second and last start with an L. Keep in mind that the first and second should not be displayed according to lists containing more than two items. For example (from the New York Times): “. Most commuters of that time – when the word “sustainable” was not yet coined – only cultivated lawns and dandelions (the latter unintentionally).

A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. A panel of 16 to 23 citizens who listen to the evidence of criminal charges presented by the prosecutor`s office and determine whether there is a probable reason to believe that a person has committed a crime. See also Indictment and United States Prosecutor. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. Section 707(b)(2) of the Insolvency Code applies a “means test” to determine whether registration of an individual debtor under Chapter 7 is considered an abuse of the Insolvency Code requiring dismissal or conversion of the case (usually Chapter 13). Abuse is suspected if the debtor`s total current monthly income (as defined above) over 5 years, less certain legally eligible expenses, is greater than (i) $10,000 or (ii) 25% of the debtor`s non-priority unsecured debt, provided that this amount is at least $6,000. The debtor can only rebut a presumption of abuse by proving special circumstances justifying additional expenses or adjustments to current monthly income. A term used to describe evidence that can be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases. Here, the first item in the list is a gray horse and the second item is a black horse.

By this use of terms, the speaker manages to indicate which horse the listener should take and which should be sent to his brother without having to repeat the full description of each horse.